Of all the issues being debated by politicians, lawmakers and voters, health care may be the issue on which no one can agree.
A study by a team of professors at the Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management finds that health care is one of the most divisive issues splitting Democrats and Republicans, especially when it comes to cost and access. Even if the person works in the health care industry, political affiliation still reflects his or her opinions on health care.
Marketing professors Dawn Iacobucci and Steve Hoeffler and professor of health care and economics Lawrence Van Horn conducted two surveys, one at a major health care conference and a second national poll almost a year later to verify the robustness of their original findings. They found the most striking differences in opinion were not impacted by gender or whether or not they worked in the health care industry, but strictly along party lines.
“This research suggests that common ground and metrics will be difficult to find between those holding such diverse ideological positions,” the team writes.
“As politicians maneuver in D.C. and candidates seize on health care reform as a wedge issue, the voters may see ‘politics as usual’; rather it’s a case of ‘politicus extremus,’” said Van Horn.
Is health care a priority?
The first part of the survey sought people’s general opinions on the importance of health care in comparison with other big national issues.
QUESTION: If you had to pay more each year in taxes, how would you allocate $100 to support education, infrastructure (bridges, roads, etc.), military and security and health care?
Democrats and Republicans were pretty similar on education and infrastructure dollars, but the greatest difference in opinion was on health care spending.
“Reaching consensus on the efficacy of reform, now and going forward, will be very difficult with parties at such odds,” the team writes.
What elements of health care reform find support?
The second section of the survey asked respondents to focus on health care dollars.
QUESTION: If you had $100 to allocate across specific health care programs, would you want to provide coverage for the uninsured, support preventative health programs, cover chronic health conditions or no additional taxes go to health care programs?
Democrats wanted the most dollars to provide coverage to the uninsured, extend support of preventative health programs and cover chronic health conditions. In sharp contrast, the majority of Republicans polled preferred no increase in tax dollars.
Health care trade-offs
The next section of the survey looked at what trade-offs people would be willing to make in connection with health care. The researchers used a conjoint study—which measures the perceived values of a product or service’s features to see how demand for that product or service is related to price.
QUESTION: Would you support a health care program with:
- No tax increase or a 10 percent tax increase?
- Services sustained at the current level of service or reduced services, such as no coverage for medications, elective procedures or health conditions caused by lifestyle decisions, such as smoking or obesity?
- Wealthy retirees would or would not be eligible for coverage?
- Medicare coverage starting at age 65 or coverage pushed to age 70?
Republicans and Democrats were complete opposites on what they preferred the most and least. The Republicans chose not increasing taxes and cutting services as their most desirable option. It was the Democrats’ least preferred option.
In contrast, the Democrats chose cutting services, coupled with a 10 percent tax increase for the other programs as their top choice. That was the Republicans’ least desirable option.
The Democrats also chose for wealthy retirees to fund their own health care instead of using government services, which is the opposite of what the Republican respondents chose.
“These groups share almost no consensus,” said Van Horn.
The researchers found some differentiation among men and women and those within and outside of the health care field.
Men vs. women
- Men did not support raising taxes to cover health care expenses, but women did.
- Men did not think the wealthy retirees should fund their own health care, but women did.
Health care employees vs. others
- Health care workers (providers, insurers, etc.) were somewhat against a tax increase for health coverage, but other respondents were extremely against a tax increase. “It’s as if health care workers did not want a tax increase, but almost ‘knew’ one was likely for coverage,” the team writes. “It could also be seen as enhancing job and wage security.”
- People in health care jobs were willing to have wealthy retirees pay for their own health care.
The polls were conducted in the fall of 2009 and spring of 2010.
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